scimantic
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Metadata

IRI
https://w3id.org/scimantic
Version
0.3.0-dev
Description

A LinkML schema for representing the scientific method as provenance chains, grounded in BFO 2020 (ISO/IEC 21838-2:2020) and the Common Core Ontologies (CCO). v0.3.0 is a ground-up rebuild — see the book for the chapter-by-chapter journey, following Ontology Development 101 (Noy & McGuinness, 2001) adapted to LinkML.

Schema Graph

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Namespaces 14

Namespace prefixes used in this ontology.

Prefix Namespace IRI
https://w3id.org/scimantic
cco https://www.commoncoreontologies.org/
cito http://purl.org/spar/cito/
dcat http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
dcterms http://purl.org/dc/terms/
linkml https://w3id.org/linkml/
np http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#
oa http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#
obo http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/
scimantic https://w3id.org/scimantic/
owl http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xsd http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Classes 32

Classes defined in this ontology.

AcceptedState Act Agent Analysis AnalyticalMethod Annotation Claim Conclusion Dataset DesignOfExperiment Evidence EvidenceAssessment EvidenceExtraction EvidenceLine EvidentialRelation ExperimentalMethod Experimentation Hypothesis HypothesisFormation LiteratureSearch Method OpenState ProvenanceRecord Question QuestionFormation Result ResultAssessment RetractedState SourceDocument State Study TemporalInterval
  • Class

    Act abstract

    Act

    An agentive planned process that produces or transforms artifacts. The shared supertype CQ 10, 14, and 15 quantify over.

    Subclass of (external)
    Planned Act
    Superclass of
    Analysis, DesignOfExperiment, EvidenceAssessment, EvidenceExtraction, Experimentation, HypothesisFormation, LiteratureSearch, QuestionFormation, ResultAssessment, Study
    Slots
    • Class

      DesignOfExperiment

      DesignOfExperiment

      The act of designing an experimental method to test a hypothesis; the bearer of the prospective tests intent.

      Subclass of
      Act
      Slots
    • Class

      Study

      Study

      A composite act whose parts are the formations, searches, experiments, and analyses of one question-to-conclusion cycle; it takes the motivating question as input and produces the concluding claim.

      Subclass of
      Act
      Slots
  • Class

    Agent

    Agent

    A material entity that performs acts and bears responsibility for them — a researcher, group, or institution.

    Subclass of (external)
    Agent
    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

  • Class

    Annotation

    oa:Annotation

    An annotation on a source document, reused from the W3C Web Annotation model; an EvidenceExtraction draws a piece of Evidence from one.

    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

  • Class

    Claim abstract

    Claim

    An information content entity that asserts something about the world. The shared parent of the claim relations, so supports, contradicts, and refines apply whether or not a hypothesis is present.

    Subclass of (external)
    Descriptive Information Content Entity
    Superclass of
    Conclusion, Evidence, Hypothesis
    Slots
    • contradicts : Claim multivalued

      Asserts that one claim bears negatively on another.

    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

    • refines : Claim multivalued

      Asserts that one claim refines or extends another.

    • supports : Claim multivalued

      Asserts that one claim bears positively on another.

    • Class

      Evidence

      Evidence

      A claim offered as bearing on another. It becomes a Premise once an EvidenceAssessment accepts it, the same node now carrying an AcceptedState.

      Subclass of
      Claim
      Slots
    • Class

      Hypothesis

      Hypothesis

      A conjectured claim a study may be designed to test. Optional in the chain, since exploratory inquiry has none.

      Subclass of
      Claim
      Slots
  • Class

    Dataset

    dcat:Dataset

    A dataset reused from W3C DCAT: the input to an analysis or experiment, or the output a result is drawn from.

    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

  • Class

    EvidenceLine

    EvidenceLine

    A Descriptive ICE grouping several pieces of evidence under one strength and asserting their joint bearing on a claim.

    Subclass of (external)
    Descriptive Information Content Entity
    Slots
    • bearsOn : Claim required

      The claim the evidence line jointly bears on.

    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

    • members : Evidence required multivalued

      The pieces of evidence this line groups under one strength.

    • strength : float

      How strongly the bearing holds, as a magnitude in [0, 1]; direction is carried by polarity. Shared by EvidentialRelation and EvidenceLine.

  • Class

    EvidentialRelation

    EvidentialRelation

    A reified claim-to-claim relation between a subject and an object claim: a Descriptive ICE carrying a cito-typed polarity, a strength, and the asserting act, through which the agent and time are reached.

    Subclass of (external)
    Descriptive Information Content Entity
    Slots
    • assertedBy : Act

      The act that asserted this relation; its agent and time are reached through the act.

    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

    • object : Claim required

      The claim borne upon in an evidential relation.

    • polarity : EvidentialPolarity required

      Which cito-typed direction the relation takes — supports, contradicts, or refines.

    • strength : float

      How strongly the bearing holds, as a magnitude in [0, 1]; direction is carried by polarity. Shared by EvidentialRelation and EvidenceLine.

    • subject : Claim required

      The claim that bears on another in an evidential relation.

  • Class

    Method abstract

    Method

    A prescriptive information content entity that prescribes how to carry out an act, realized by the acts that execute it. Exists independently of any single run.

    Subclass of (external)
    Prescriptive Information Content Entity
    Superclass of
    AnalyticalMethod, ExperimentalMethod
    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

    • Class

      AnalyticalMethod

      AnalyticalMethod

      A method prescribing how to analyze data to produce a result; realized by an Analysis act.

      Subclass of
      Method
      Slots
      • id from Method
    • Class

      ExperimentalMethod

      ExperimentalMethod

      A method prescribing how to carry out an experiment; realized by an Experimentation act and designed by a DesignOfExperiment.

      Subclass of
      Method
      Slots
      • id from Method
  • Class

    ProvenanceRecord

    ProvenanceRecord
    Slots
  • Class

    Question

    Question

    An information content entity expressing what an inquiry seeks to answer; the output of a QuestionFormation and the start of a provenance chain.

    Subclass of (external)
    Information Content Entity
    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

  • Class

    Result

    Result

    A finding produced by an Analysis; the input a ResultAssessment weighs in drawing a conclusion.

    Subclass of (external)
    Descriptive Information Content Entity
    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

  • Class

    SourceDocument

    SourceDocument

    A document a LiteratureSearch surfaces and an Annotation marks up; the bearer a piece of Evidence is extracted from.

    Subclass of (external)
    Material Copy of a Document
    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

  • Class

    State abstract

    State

    A condition that obtains over a temporal interval, established by an act. scimantic models standing as state rather than as an enum value.

    Subclass of (external)
    Stasis
    Superclass of
    AcceptedState, OpenState, RetractedState
    Slots
    • establishedBy : Act

      The act that established this state.

    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

    • occursOver : TemporalInterval

      The interval over which this state holds.

    • qualifies : any of [Claim, Method ] required

      The claim or method whose standing this state records — the entity it qualifies.

    • Class

      AcceptedState

      AcceptedState

      The standing of a claim or method endorsed by an establishing act — evidence accepted as a premise, a conclusion accepted in review, or a method validated by a successful execution — holding until any retraction.

      Subclass of
      State
      Slots
  • Class

    TemporalInterval

    TemporalInterval

    The stretch of time an act occupies, with a beginning and an end rather than a single instant.

    Subclass of (external)
    one-dimensional temporal region
    Slots
    • id

      The identifier a record is referenced by in instance data; unique across every record in a file.

Slots 21

Slots defined in this ontology.

agent assertedBy bearsOn contradicts establishedBy executes hasInput hasOutput hasPart id members object occursOver performedAt polarity qualifies refines strength subject supports tests
Slot

agent

agent

The agent or agents who performed an act.

Domain
Act
Range
Agent
Characteristics
Multivalued
Mappings
exact: has agent
Slot

bearsOn

bearsOn

The claim the evidence line jointly bears on.

Domain
EvidenceLine
Range
Claim
Characteristics
Required
Slot

contradicts

contradicts

Asserts that one claim bears negatively on another.

Domain
Claim
Range
Claim
Characteristics
Multivalued Irreflexive
Mappings
exact: disputes
Slot

hasPart

hasPart

The acts that compose this study — the formations, searches, experiments, and analyses of one question-to-conclusion cycle.

Domain
Study
Range
Act
Characteristics
Required Multivalued Transitive
Mappings
exact: has occurrent part
Slot

members

members

The pieces of evidence this line groups under one strength.

Domain
EvidenceLine
Range
Evidence
Characteristics
Required Multivalued
Slot

polarity

polarity

Which cito-typed direction the relation takes — supports, contradicts, or refines.

Domain
EvidentialRelation
Range
EvidentialPolarity
Characteristics
Required
Slot

qualifies

qualifies

The claim or method whose standing this state records — the entity it qualifies.

Domain
State
Range
Claim or Method
Characteristics
Required
Slot

refines

refines

Asserts that one claim refines or extends another.

Domain
Claim
Range
Claim
Characteristics
Multivalued Asymmetric Irreflexive
Mappings
exact: extends
Slot

strength

strength

How strongly the bearing holds, as a magnitude in [0, 1]; direction is carried by polarity. Shared by EvidentialRelation and EvidenceLine.

Domain
EvidenceLine, EvidentialRelation
Range
float
Characteristics
≥ 0 ≤ 1
Slot

supports

supports

Asserts that one claim bears positively on another.

Domain
Claim
Range
Claim
Characteristics
Multivalued Irreflexive
Mappings
exact: supports
Slot

tests

tests

The hypothesis a DesignOfExperiment is designed to test: prospective intent, carried by the design act rather than the method it produces.

Domain
DesignOfExperiment
Range
Hypothesis

Enumerations 1

Enumerations defined in this ontology.

EvidentialPolarity
Enum

EvidentialPolarity

The direction of an evidential relation, mirroring the bare claim-relation slots and carrying the same CiTO typing.

Permissible values
  • contradicts disputes
    One claim bears negatively on another.
  • refines extends
    One claim refines or extends another.
  • supports supports
    One claim bears positively on another.

Instance Graph

Curated instance graph (A-box): individuals conforming to this schema.

No individuals defined in this ontology.